The dual system of vocational training
The German apprenticeship training program is one of the cornerstones of the German labor market system. In addition to on-the-job training, apprentices attend a certain number of hours of formal schooling each week (hence the name dual or two-track system). The apprenticeships, which begin at age 16 - 18, usually last for 3 ½ years. During that time, the apprentice works under a training contract and receives a so-called training allowance.
An individual must pass both an intermediate and a final examination to complete an apprenticeship program. Then he or she is entitled to skilled worker's wages and may or may not be offered, or accept, a job within the company that trained him.
The success of the German system is considered to be a result of establishment and enforcement of national standards for every single occupation and of the emphasis on on-the-job training. The goal of the system is to produce workers who have thorough practical as well as theoretical knowledge and experience of their occupation and who can immediately commence to work autonomously and be part of a team. Furthermore, this training qualifies them for a profession – not only for a job. Thus, they can change their place of work without needing extensive retraining for a new job.
